Work Hardening

Dislocation density increases with strain → Taylor hardening

Strain: 0.000 | Stress: 0 MPa | ρ: 1.0×10¹⁰ m⁻²

Strain Rate 0.01

α (Taylor factor) 0.30

Shear Modulus (GPa) 80

Recovery Rate 0.10

Taylor hardening law: σ = σ₀ + αμb√ρ, where ρ is dislocation density. During plastic deformation, dislocation multiplication exceeds annihilation: dρ/dε = M/b·√ρ − k₂ρ. This gives stage II (linear) and stage III (parabolic) hardening. The flow stress increases as stored dislocations form tangles and cell walls, impeding further dislocation motion. Bauschinger effect: reversed loading shows lower yield stress.