Voter Model — Zealots & Polarization

Opinion dynamics with inflexible zealots on a 2D lattice

The voter model describes opinion spreading: each agent copies a random neighbor's opinion each step. Without zealots, the system coarsens into consensus. Zealots (agents with fixed opinions) prevent full consensus and create a stationary polarized state. The density of zealots sets the mean opinion and variance — even a tiny minority of committed agents can shift outcomes dramatically (Mobilia 2003).