Abrikosov Vortex Lattice — Type-II Superconductor

Magnetic flux quanta forming a triangular lattice; each vortex carries Φ₀ = h/2e

Parameters

Abrikosov 1957: Between Bc1 and Bc2, flux penetrates as quantized vortices. Each carries Φ₀=h/2e≈2×10⁻¹⁵ Wb. The triangular lattice minimizes free energy. GL parameter κ=λ/ξ>1/√2 defines Type-II. Vortex spacing a₀=(4Φ₀/√3 B)^(1/2).