Viscous Fingering — Saffman–Taylor

When low-viscosity fluid invades high-viscosity fluid in a porous medium, the interface is unstable and forms branching finger patterns.

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Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA) models the Saffman–Taylor instability: particles launched from far away undergo random walks and stick upon contact with the growing cluster. The branching fractal structure (dimension ≈ 1.71 in 2D) mimics viscous fingering in Hele-Shaw cells, dendritic crystal growth, and dielectric breakdown. Higher stickiness η reduces the chance that a particle bounces and continues walking, producing denser fingers.