The virial equation of state pV/nRT = 1 + B/V + C/V² +... computed from the Lennard-Jones pair potential. Compare ideal gas, van der Waals, and virial truncations. Visualize the second virial coefficient B(T).
Virial expansion: pV/NkT = 1 + B₂(T)ρ + B₃(T)ρ² + ... where B₂(T) = -2π∫₀^∞(e^{-u(r)/kT}-1)r²dr is the second virial coefficient. For LJ potential: Boyle temperature T_B where B₂=0. At T