Vicsek Model — Flocking & Order-Disorder Transition

Self-propelled particles aligning with neighbors — polar order parameter vs noise strength

Controls

Order parameter φ:
Vicsek update:
θᵢ(t+1) = ⟨θⱼ⟩_{|rᵢ-rⱼ|<r} + η·ξ
φ = |Σ eⁱθⱼ| / N

Order-disorder transition at η_c(ρ). Above η_c: disordered. Below: flocking band forms (1st-order-like).