Pairs of primes differing by 2: (3,5), (5,7), (11,13)... infinitely many? Conjecture still open.
The twin prime constant C₂ ≈ 0.6601618... appears in the Hardy-Littlewood conjecture. Zhang (2013) proved there are infinitely many prime pairs with gap ≤ 70,000,000; the Polymath project reduced this to 246. If the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture holds, the bound would be 6.