Turing Pattern — 3-Component Cross-Diffusion

∂u/∂t = D_u∇²u + f(u,v,w), three morphogen interactions
u (activator)
v (inhibitor)
w (modulator)

Parameters

∂u/∂t = D_u∇²u + u²v/(1+αw) − (f+k)u
∂v/∂t = D_v∇²v − u²v + f(1−v)
∂w/∂t = D_w∇²w + β(u−w)
Turing instability: D_v/D_u >> 1
Cross-diffusion w modulates activation
Step:0
Max u:
Pattern:initializing