GOY Shell Model of Turbulence

Gledzer-Ohkitani-Yamada shell model: 22 complex shell velocities u_n at wavenumbers k_n = k₀ λⁿ. Energy cascades from large to small scales. K41 prediction: E(k_n) ~ k_n^(−5/3). Intermittency corrections visible in anomalous scaling of structure functions. Forcing at shells 1–2, viscous dissipation at large n.