Thouless Charge Pump — Topological Pumping

Adiabatic pumping: charge transported per cycle = Chern number

Sites N: 12

Pump speed: 1.0x

δ (dimerization): 0.50

SSH chain with time-dependent hopping: t₁(φ)=1+δcos(φ), t₂(φ)=1−δcos(φ).
One adiabatic cycle φ: 0→2π pumps exactly C=1 electron per band (Chern number).
The quantization is topological — robust to disorder that doesn't close the gap.