🔷 KITAEV CHAIN
Chemical potential μ/2t:
0.0
Pairing Δ/t:
1.0
Hopping t:
1.0
Chain length N:
40
Compute Spectrum
|μ|<2t → topological (Z₂=−1)
|μ|>2t → trivial (Z₂=+1)
Red dots = Majorana edge modes
Kitaev (2001): 1D p-wave superconductor hosts Majorana zero modes at chain ends when |μ|<2|t|. Protected by particle-hole symmetry — non-Abelian anyons for quantum computing.