Topological Insulator — Surface Dirac Cone
3D TI surface states: spin-momentum locking and topological protection
H_surf = ℏv_F(k_x σ_y − k_y σ_x) + m·σ_z | E = ±√(v_F²k² + m²)
Fermi velocity v_F
1.0
Mass gap m (TRS break)
0.00
Fermi energy E_F
0.50
Bulk gap Δ
1.0
Dirac point energy
0
Fermi wavevector k_F
—
Chern number Z2
—