T_BKT ≈ 0.893
Vortices: —
Anti-vortices: —
Net charge: —
Step: —
Vortices: —
Anti-vortices: —
Net charge: —
Step: —
BKT transition (Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless): at T_BKT ≈ 0.893J/k_B, bound vortex–anti-vortex pairs unbind and proliferate.
XY model: H = −J Σ cos(θᵢ − θⱼ)
Topological charge: q = (1/2π) ∮ ∇θ·dl ∈ ℤ
Red = +1, Blue = −1 vortices.
XY model: H = −J Σ cos(θᵢ − θⱼ)
Topological charge: q = (1/2π) ∮ ∇θ·dl ∈ ℤ
Red = +1, Blue = −1 vortices.