Vortices in the XY Model
BKT transition: topological defects (vortex/anti-vortex pairs) bind/unbind at T
BKT
Temperature T/J
0.50
Grid Size
32
Steps/frame
5
Reset
Pause
T=0.50 J â Below T_BKTâ0.89 J: vortex-antivortex pairs remain bound. Above: free vortices proliferate, destroying quasi-long-range order.