Taylor-Couette Flow

Ta = -- | State: --
Taylor-Couette: viscous flow between two coaxial rotating cylinders. Purely azimuthal Couette flow v_θ(r) = Ar + B/r becomes unstable at Ta_c ≈ 1712 (Taylor number), giving toroidal Taylor vortices. Further increasing Ta leads to wavy vortices, modulated waves, and turbulence.