Firefly Synchronization — Kuramoto Model

N oscillators couple; order parameter r=|⟨e^{iθ}⟩| jumps at K_c = 2/πg(0)

K_c = 2σ/√(2π) ≈ ?
r → 0: incoherent phase
r → 1: synchronized
Each dot = one oscillator
Bright = fast phase, dim = slow