Symplectic vs Standard Euler — Harmonic Oscillator

Standard Euler: p←p−ωq·dt, q←q+p·dt (energy drifts). Symplectic Euler: p←p−ωq·dt, q←q+p_new·dt (uses updated p — energy conserved forever). Same O(dt) accuracy, radically different long-term behaviour.

Exact
Standard Euler (energy drifts)
Symplectic Euler (energy preserved)