Overdispersed transmission: negative binomial offspring distribution and the 80/20 rule
Parameters
Statistics
Dispersion k0.10
% who cause 80% spread—
P(0 secondary cases)—
Outbreak size—
Superspreading arises when transmission is overdispersed. Negative binomial with small k: most cases infect nobody, a few cause explosive clusters. SARS-CoV-1 k≈0.16, COVID-19 k≈0.1.