Magnetic field expulsion in Type I & Type II superconductors
The Meissner effect (1933) shows that superconductors are perfect diamagnets: B = 0 inside below Tc. Type I superconductors expel all flux below Bc. Type II superconductors allow quantized Abrikosov vortex lattice between Bc1 and Bc2, each vortex carrying flux quantum Φ₀ = h/2e ≈ 2.07 × 10⁻¹⁵ Wb.