Stochastic Resonance — Noise-Enhanced Signal Detection

In a bistable system, a weak subthreshold periodic signal cannot alone cause transitions between wells. Adding the right amount of noise enables synchronized switching — the signal-to-noise ratio peaks at an optimal noise level. Too little noise: no transitions. Too much: random switching drowns out the signal.

Parameters

SNR: dB
Kramers rate r₀: Hz
Transitions/period:
Optimal noise σ*: