Spin Wave — Magnon Dispersion on a Ferromagnetic Chain

Collective spin precession quantized into magnons


What are spin waves?

In a ferromagnet, all spins align. A spin wave (magnon) is a coherent precession propagating as a wave — the quantum of this excitation is the magnon.

ω(k) = 4JS(1 − cos ka)

J: exchange coupling, S: spin magnitude, k: wavevector, a: lattice spacing. Near k=0, the dispersion is quadratic:

ω(k) ≈ 2JSa²k²

This contrasts with acoustic phonons (linear dispersion) — magnons are "soft" at long wavelengths due to broken continuous symmetry (Goldstone mode).