Spin Nematic Order — Quadrupolar Hidden Order

Spin-1 System · Q_αβ Tensor · Field-Induced Transitions · NMR Invisible Order

Parameters

Spin nematic: Spin-1 system with ⟨S⟩=0 but ⟨S_α S_β⟩≠0 — quadrupolar order. "Hidden order" invisible to neutron scattering (no magnetic Bragg peaks).

Order parameter: Q_αβ = ⟨S_αS_β + S_βS_α⟩/2 − (2/3)δ_αβ (traceless tensor, rank-2).

Examples: NiGa₂S₄, iron-based superconductors "hidden order" compound URu₂Si₂ may be spin nematic.