Parameters
Observables
Energy E —
Magnetization m —
Overlap q —
Accept rate —
About
The SK model has N spins with random Gaussian couplings Jᵢⱼ ~ N(0,J²/N). Unlike a ferromagnet, competing interactions create frustration — no configuration can satisfy all bonds simultaneously. Below Tc≈J, the system freezes into one of exponentially many metastable states. Solved exactly by Parisi (1979) via replica symmetry breaking.