E: —
M: —
Step: 0
M: —
Step: 0
H = −Σᵢⱼ Jᵢⱼ sᵢsⱼ − h Σ sᵢ
Jᵢⱼ ~ 𝒩(0,σ²): random-sign couplings cause frustration — no spin assignment can satisfy all bonds simultaneously. Results in a rugged energy landscape with many local minima (spin glass phase below T_c ≈ σ).
Jᵢⱼ ~ 𝒩(0,σ²): random-sign couplings cause frustration — no spin assignment can satisfy all bonds simultaneously. Results in a rugged energy landscape with many local minima (spin glass phase below T_c ≈ σ).