Leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with membrane potential dynamics and spike propagation
The leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model captures the essential dynamics of biological neurons: the membrane potential V integrates incoming currents but leaks toward rest (dV/dt = -(V - V_rest)/τ_m + I/C). When V crosses threshold (~-55 mV), a spike fires and V resets to the resting potential (~-70 mV) after a brief refractory period. This simulation shows 3 layers of LIF neurons — stimulus in layer 1 propagates through synaptic connections, demonstrating how spiking activity cascades through a feedforward network with realistic temporal dynamics.