Spherical Harmonics
Y_l^m(θ,φ) — angular momentum eigenfunctions
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Y_0^0
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Y_l^m(θ,φ) = N_lm · P_l^m(cos θ) · e^(imφ)
|l|: degree, |m|≤l: order
ℝ part visualized
Spherical harmonics are the angular eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on S². They describe atomic orbitals, gravitational fields, and CMB anisotropies.