2D Circle Packing

Random Sequential Adsorption approaching theoretical limits

φ = 0.000 | circles: 0
Random Sequential Adsorption: circles placed one at a time, rejected if overlapping. Jamming limit: φ_RSA ≈ 0.547 (random). Hexagonal close packing: φ_hex = π/√12 ≈ 0.9069. Circle colors encode order of placement (blue → red).