KdV Two-Soliton Collision

The Korteweg–de Vries equation uₜ + 6uuₓ + uₓₓₓ = 0 admits exact multi-soliton solutions via the inverse scattering transform. Two solitons with different speeds collide elastically — they emerge unchanged except for a phase shift. The exact 2-soliton formula reveals this analytically, showing that solitons interact without losing identity.

Exact 2-soliton solution of KdV — solitons pass through each other with only a phase shift