Cultural evolution asks: how do behaviors spread through populations via learning, imitation, and selection?
Rogers' paradox: adding social learners does not increase the mean fitness of a population in a static environment — social learning is a free-rider problem. Individual innovation sustains adaptation.
In dynamic environments, the optimal mix of individual vs. social learning (the "social learning strategy") depends on environmental change rate, network structure, and cost of learning.
Each agent has a "trait" (number). Social learning: copy a better-performing neighbor. Innovation: random mutation. Selection: traits with higher fitness replicate.