Snowball Earth

Ice-albedo feedback and Neoproterozoic glaciation (~710 Ma & ~635 Ma)
Solar luminosity: 94%
Volcanism: 30

Global Temperature

15°C

Modern baseline ~15°C; Snowball threshold ~−50°C global mean

Ice Coverage

8%

Full snowball when ice reaches equator; albedo → 0.6 (vs open ocean 0.1)

Atmospheric CO₂

280 ppm

Volcanic outgassing accumulates under ice cap over ~10 Myr, driving deglaciation