SELECTION vs DRIFT

Wright-Fisher

Phase diagram

Fixed: 0
Lost: 0
Running: 0
Wright-Fisher model: binomial sampling each generation. Ns >> 1: selection dominates. Ns << 1: drift dominates. Fixation probability = (1-e^{-2sp₀})/(1-e^{-2sN}) ≈ 2s for rare beneficial allele.