Manna Stochastic Sandpile — Self-Organized Criticality

The Manna model: sites with z≥2 grains topple by randomly distributing 2 grains to neighbors. Unlike BTW, disorder produces a distinct universality class with τ≈1.27 (avalanche size exponent) and non-abelian dynamics.

Total grains =  |  Active sites =  |  Avalanche size =  |  Max avalanche =