ABELIAN SANDPILE
Group Identity Element
Random Grain Drop
2·(n×n) stable config
Maximum stable (3s)
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Step (1 topple)
Reset to 0
The abelian sandpile group
on ℤ² with sink at boundary.
Identity element has a
remarkable fractal structure
with exact self-similarity.
Toppling rule: if height ≥ 4,
fire 1 grain to each neighbor.
Group operation: + then stabilize.
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