Room Modes

3D standing waves · Schroeder frequency · bass buildup

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Physics: Room modes: f_{lmn} = (c/2)√((l/Lx)² + (m/Ly)² + (n/Lz)²). Schroeder frequency f_s ≈ 2000√(T₆₀/V) Hz — above this, modes overlap and the room response is smooth; below f_s, distinct resonances cause coloration. Axial modes (one index nonzero) are strongest. Golden-ratio room proportions (1 : 1.618 : 2.618) minimize modal clustering. Recording studios use absorbers below f_s, diffusers above. Bass traps in corners treat axial modes.