River Meander Migration & Oxbow Formation
Erosion–deposition feedback: curvature-driven lateral migration
ṡ = E·κ(s) — lateral migration rate proportional to curvature κ (Ikeda-Parker-Sawai)
κ = (x'y'' − y'x'') / (x'²+y'²)^(3/2) — signed curvature along centerline
Outer bank: erosion. Inner bank: point bar deposition. High sinuosity → cutoff → oxbow lake.
Sinuosity: 1.00 | Oxbows: 0