λ = 1+√2 ≈ 2.414 (silver ratio)
Ammann-Beenker (1982): 8-fold quasicrystal with squares + rhombi. Built by substitution: each tile → set of smaller tiles. Fourier spectrum: dense set of Bragg peaks with 8-fold symmetry. Quasicrystals discovered (Shechtman, 1984; Nobel 2011).