Work Distribution P(W) · Jarzynski Equality · Free Energy
The Jarzynski equality states ⟨e^{−βW}⟩ = e^{−βΔF}, connecting nonequilibrium work to equilibrium free energy differences. We model a quantum harmonic oscillator with N energy levels, driven by a protocol λ(t). Initial state is Boltzmann-distributed; work measured via two projective energy measurements.