Quantum Spin Liquid: Resonating Valence Bonds

Anderson RVB state • kagome lattice • fractionalized spinons & holons

RVB Parameters

|RVB⟩ = Σ (−1)ˢ |dimer config⟩

Heisenberg frustrated:
H = J₁ΣS·S + J₂ΣS·S

QSL: no long-range order
even at T→0 (frustration)

Spinon: fractionalized
spin-1/2 excitation
Anderson (1973): on frustrated lattices, spins form quantum superpositions of singlet dimers rather than ordering. The resonating valence bond state has fractionalized excitations — spinons (spin-1/2) and holons (charge e) — key to high-Tc superconductivity theories.