A quantum dot is a "single-electron transistor." Charging energy E_c = e²/2C gates the Coulomb blockade. As gate voltage V_g and bias V_sd vary, conductance shows diamond-shaped blockade regions. Energy levels ε_n add shell structure.
G ∝ Σ_N Γ_L·Γ_R/(Γ_L+Γ_R) · f(μ_N - eV_sd/2) · [1-f(μ_N + eV_sd/2)]