Quantum Decoherence

|ψ⟩ = (|0⟩+|1⟩)/√2 ⊗ |env⟩

After entangling with env:
ρ_S = Tr_E[|ψ⟩⟨ψ|]

Decoherence: off-diag
ρ₀₁ → 0 as |⟨e₀|e₁⟩| → 0

Timescale: τ_D ∝ 1/γ
|ρ₀₁| = 1.000
off-diagonal element
Zurek 1981 · decoherence · pointer states · quantum Darwinism · einselection