Pore Network — Invasion Percolation

Capillary-controlled drainage: invading fluid (non-wetting) displaces defending fluid (wetting)

Invasion steps0
Saturation S_nw0.00
Breakthrough?No
Fractal dim D_f
Invasion percolation: non-wetting fluid invades pores in order of their capillary entry pressure (throat radius). At each step the accessible pore with smallest entry pressure is invaded. Produces fractal displacement fronts (D_f ≈ 1.82 in 2D). Gravity modifies displacement pattern (stable/unstable fingering).