Spatially modulated order parameter Δ(r) = Δ₀ cos(Q·r)
Q·a/π = 0.50
Δ₀/EF = 0.20
η = 0.30
B/Bc2 = 0.10
PDW order parameter:
Δ(r) = Δ₀ e^{iφ} cos(Q·r)
Charge-4e density:
ρ₄e ~ |Δ(r)|² ~ cos²(Q·r)
CDW from PDW:
ρ ~ η·Δ*(+Q)Δ(-Q)
Vortex halo:
PDW forms within vortex cores of uniform SC
In a pair density wave state, the superconducting order parameter oscillates spatially.
Unlike a conventional SC, Cooper pairs carry finite momentum ±Q.
PDW naturally generates charge-4e order (|Δ|² oscillations) and CDW correlations.
Proposed as the origin of stripe phases in underdoped cuprates.