Scrambling time t*—
Dissipation time t_d—
Lyapunov bound 2π/β—
λ_L / bound—
OTOC: F(t) = ⟨W(t)†V†W(t)V⟩β measures how much operator W(t)=eiHtWe-iHt fails to commute with V.
Chaos signature: F(t) ≈ 1 − ε·eλ_L t (early time). Scrambling at t* ~ log(N)/λ_L.
MSS bound (Maldacena-Shenker-Stanform 2016): λ_L ≤ 2π/β. Black holes saturate this bound.