Kerr Nonlinear Optics

Self-phase modulation, spectral broadening, and optical soliton formation

NLSE Parameters

NLSE: ∂A/∂z = iγ|A|²A − (β₂/2)∂²A/∂t² SPM: nonlinearity chirps the pulse. Phase φ(t) = γ|A|²z → spectral broadening.
Soliton: SPM and anomalous GVD balance exactly at N=1: A(z,t) = sech(t)e^{iz/2}.