Jarzynski Equality — Nonequilibrium Free Energy Recovery

⟨e^{−βW}⟩ = e^{−βΔF} — free energy from irreversible work measurements
⟨e^{−W/kT}⟩ = e^{−ΔF/kT}  |  Dissipated work: ⟨W_diss⟩ = ⟨W⟩ − ΔF ≥ 0 (2nd law)
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1.0
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Each trajectory: overdamped particle in changing potential
⟨W⟩ mean work
ΔF (Jarzynski)
⟨W_diss⟩
True ΔF