Nonequilibrium Fluctuation Theorem

Parameters

Protocol speed: 1.0 Temperature kT: 1.0 ΔF (free energy): 2.0 Trajectories: 200

Statistics

⟨W⟩ (mean work)—

ΔF (exact)—

⟨W⟩ - ΔF (dissipation)—

-kT ln⟨e^(-W/kT)⟩—

Jarzynski error—

Jarzynski equality: ⟨e^-W/kT⟩ = e^-ΔF/kT — free energy from irreversible work. Crooks: P_F(W)/P_R(-W) = e^(W-ΔF)/kT, crossing point gives ΔF exactly. Rare negative-dissipation trajectories carry the statistical weight; the arrow of time is encoded in the asymmetry of forward vs reverse work distributions.