Noether's theorem (1915) states that every continuous symmetry of a physical action corresponds to a conserved current j^μ with ∂_μ j^μ = 0, implying a conserved charge Q = ∫j^0 d³x. Time translation symmetry → energy conservation; spatial translation → momentum; rotation → angular momentum; U(1) phase → electric charge. The current is j^μ = (∂L/∂(∂_μφ)) δφ/δε. When a symmetry is explicitly broken, the divergence ∂_μj^μ = breaking term becomes nonzero — shown here by the charge leaking over time. The conserved charge is visualized as the integrated "flux" through a control surface.