Hindmarsh-Rose Neuron

Fast-slow bursting dynamics: tonic spiking ↔ bursting bifurcation

Mode
0
Spikes
V (x)
z (slow)
Hindmarsh-Rose (1984): ẋ=y-ax³+bx²-z+I, ẏ=c-dx²-y, ż=r[s(x-x₁)-z]. The slow variable z generates bursting. Low I→quiescence, moderate I→bursting, high I→tonic spiking. r controls slow timescale separation.