T(X→Y) = I(Y_{t+1}; X_past | Y_past) — directed information flow
Computing TE...
Transfer entropy T(X→Y) measures directed information flow: how much knowing X's past reduces uncertainty about Y's future,
beyond what Y's past alone tells us. It detects asymmetric causal influence without assuming linearity.
The true network has 5 nodes with known directed edges. TE inference recovers the network from time series data —
accuracy improves with sample size N and coupling strength κ.