Giant component collapse under random vs targeted node removal
Network robustness depends on the removal strategy. Random failure (blue): scale-free networks are robust
until almost all nodes gone. Degree-targeted (yellow): removes high-degree hubs first — giant component
collapses rapidly. Betweenness-targeted (green): removes bridging nodes — most efficient dismantling.
Left: current network state. Right: giant component fraction vs nodes removed for each strategy.